Peru


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Welcome To Peru ** media type="file" key="Peru Audacity.mp3" width="216" height="18" align="center" = Geography =

Peru is the third largest country on the South American continent. Peru covers 1,225,220 square miles. The country can be divided into three main regions:Costa region, Sierra region, and Selva region. Costa is the coastal region along the Atlantic Ocean, Sierra is the Andean mountains and their eastern slopes, and the Selva region is the rainforests to the East. The coast of Peru is one of the driest places​ on Earth. Rain is rare in the coastal region but sometimes it does mist and drizzle sometimes from December through April. Most of the rain that takes place in all of Peru happens in the months of October through April.

Peru is home to many tourist attractions and famous landforms. Some of the top attractions and most famous are:
 * Arequipa
 * Chiclayo
 * Cuszco/Macchu Picchu/Inca Trail
 * Huaraz and the Cordilleras media type="youtube" key="5uISgHSz_jw" height="385" width="480" align="right"
 * Iquitos/Amazon River
 * Lima
 * Nazca/Nazca Lines
 * Paracas
 * Puno and Lake Titicaca
 * Trujilla

Peru is also rich in natural resources. 28 different minerals aare exported in the country which are mainly mined in the southern or central regions of the highlands or coastal areas. The most important mineral export in Peru is copper. Copper is then followed by many other resources. Small quantities of coal are mined in some areas of the western edges of the Andes. In 1988 oil production in Peru was at 7 million tons. Natural gas was also at 1,140 million cubic feet in the central parts of the lowlands. The Andes, which extend through all of Peru, was formed from uplifting in the earth's crust and from tectonic activity. THe Andean highlands is one of the most beautiful and spectacular places o​n the continent. The population was estimated at 22 million in 1990. Peru’s population has more than tripled since the 1940 census when the population was at 7 million people. Peru does not have a very dense population at an average of 43 people per square mile. The Andes and eastern lowlands have nearly know one at all. Only a couple places in the coastal region and the high level surface of the Andes have a fairly dense population. Lake Titicaca is highest navigable lake in the world. That means that it is deep enough and wide enough to allow ships to pass through it.

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= History =

The history of peru.

3,000 years ago the incas ruled most of peru except for the proviean low-lands. Now here is the inca timline.

Peru's movement toward independence was launched by an uprising of Spanish-American landowners and their forces, led by José de San Martín of Argentina and Simón Bolívar of Venezuela. __After independence, Peru and its neighbors engaged in intermittent territorial disputes.__ A short-lived attempt to reunite Peru and Boliva was made during the period 1836–1839

Inca Timeline circa 15,000 - 12,000 B.C. – Asiatic hunters cross from Asia to North America

circa 12,000 B.C. – Hunter gatherers enter South America and begin populating the Andes

circa 2000B.C. – Llamas domesticated

900B.C. – Chavin culture builds first civilization and lays the foundation for all Peruvian cultures

1000-A.D. - Present

1000 -1200 – Killke culture occupies the Cuzco basin

1400 – First appearance of imperial Inca culture through pottery

1438 – Expansion of the Inca empire begins under Pachacuti, starts building Machu Picchu

1463 – Tupac Yupanqui extends empire from Ecuador to the Maule River in Chile

1493 – Huayna Capac extends empire from Columbia to the tip of Chile

1523 – Huayna Capac dies and divides his empire between his two sons, Atahuallpa and Huascar

1525-1532 – Civil war between Atahuallpa and Huascar

1532 – Atahuallpa defeats Huascar

1532 – Spanish Conquistador Francisco Pizarro, captures Atahuallpa and defeats Inca army

1533 – Pizarro has Atahuallpa executed and installs Manco as a puppet ruler of the Inca

1535 – Pizarro moves the Inca capital from Cuzco to Lima

1535 - 1819 – Spain rules Peru

1824 – Peru gains indendence from Spain

1911 – Machu Picchu is discovered by Hiram Bingham

= Government = Peru is a presidential representative democratic republic that has a multi- party system. Under the current constitution, the president is elected to serve a five year term, and cannot be re-elected before one consecutive term has passed. The president chooses the Prime Minister, and with his consultant, he will choose the rest of the council, and cabinet members. There is a Unicameral Congress with 120 members each elected for a five year term. Bills can be proposed y both the legislative and executive branches; these bills become laws after being passed by congress, and approved by the president. The judicial branch is independent for the most part. The Prime Minister of Peru does not exercise executive power; this power rests with the president. __**Executive Branch:**__ The President of Peru is elected to a term of five years, and cannot be re-elected for a second back to back term. The current president is Alan Garcia Perez, elected in 2006. __**Judicial Branch:**__ The branch is headed by the Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary) that has jurisdiction over the whole nation. __**Legislatie Branch:**__ Unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms). Independence: The country of Peru won independence from Spain on July 28, 1821. __Military:__ Peru’s military is much like many other militaries. There is an Army, a Navy (includes Naval air, Naval infantry, and the coast guard), and an Air Force. Citizens of both genders in ages 18-30 are eligible for volunteer military service in Peru. Military expenditures: Peru spends about 1.5% of the total GDP, compared to the rest of the world for military expenditures Peru is number 107. __**Disputes - international**__ : Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border **__Refugees and internally displaced persons__** **__:__** IDPs: 60,000-150,000 **__Illicit drugs__** **__:__** The country of Peru was the largest producer of the cocoa leaf, and cocaine until 1996. Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf. Though it is far behind Colombia; the growing of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 hectares in 2007, now the second largest producer of cocaine. Estimated at 210 metric tons of cocaine in 2007, finished cocaine is shipped to the international drug market. South America is trying to expand the cocaine business to other countries to increase profit.

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 * "Government of Peru - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2010. . ||
 * "South America: Peru." CIA- The World Factbook. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2010.

=** Economics **=

Going into 2009, the world looked like it was going into a financial meltdown. Peru was one of the few countries that experienced growth financialy going into 2010. A big part of the economy in Peru is the drug business. Even though a lot of cocaine is found and stopped at the place where it is found, too much cocaine is made from the coco leaf. The drug business is huge and is making a lot of money. Many young adults are payed 1,000 dollars a month for carrying drugs through the jungles, compared to the minimum wage in Peru, 150 dollars a month. This is not very much money. A lot of people are payed to carry drugs. The economy of Peru grew 4% from 2002-2006, and grew over 9% in 2007, and in 2008. The economy really reflects of the rich resources found in the many landforms. The economy fell to growing 1% in 2009 because of the world recession. Peru's expansion has helped reduce the national poverty rate by 15%. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and poor infrastructure precludes the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and poor infrastructure precludes the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. Although, Peru's unemployment rate is up to 9%. Peru's industries are mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing.

= Culture = Peru has one of the most diverse cultures in South America.Half of Perus population lives on coast creating a new modern culture. But peru has kept thier culture for thousands of years. About 45% of Peru's population is indigineous and 5% of that are natives in the jungle. Also 37% are mestizo (part latin and part indeginous). The capital of Peru is Lima but the capital of culture is Cuzco.Cuzco is where the foundation of Inca heritage can be found. Perus main language is spanish.It has an influence of Inca and spanish in its arts.Peru is known for its spanish symbols in history.The music in Peru dates back thousands of years.Many locals build thier own instruments from a variety of materials including cane, conch shells, horns, precious metals, and even mud. Peru has many holidays and celebrations.They cheer through 3,000 festivals a year and they are most related to christian celebrations.Also some ancient inca traditions are practiced. ​



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Citations media type="youtube" key="EILV83jr9NA" height="389" width="439" align="right"

Inka Timline." //Timeline//. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2010. [].

"Geography of Peru. All About Peru. Terrain, Climate, Resources & More." //'helpPeru' Helping the People of Peru - Peruvian Products//. helpPeru, n.d. Web. 21 May 2010. .

"Peru: Mineral Resources." //Donoho Design Group//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2010. .

"Peru Top Ten Tourist Destinations." //Travel to Peru//. Go2Peru, n.d. Web. 21 May 2010. .

"Peru: History." //Donoho Design Group//. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2010. [].

"Peru Facts | Peru Culture | Food and Hiking." //Peru Facts | Peru Culture | Food and Hiking//. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 May 2010. .

"Peru Economy 2010." //Peru Economy 2010, CIA World Factbook//. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 May 2010. [|www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/peru/peru_economy.html]. chronology. "History of Peru - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 May 2010. .